Nature of waves and their types

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 NATURE OF WAVES AND THEIR TYPES

A wave is a disturbance that moves outward from its point of origin, transferring trergy by means of vibrations with little or no transport of medium.A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium. While the disturbance and the energy that it carries, moves through the medium, the matter does not experience net movement. Instead, each particle in the medium vibrates about some mean (or rest) position as the wave passes.Both particles and waves carry energy but there is an important difference in how they do this. Think of a ball as a particle. If you toss the ball to a friend, the ball moves from you to your friend and carries energy, this is not wave motion because matter is transported. However, if you and your friend hold the ends of a you give your end a quick shake, the rope remains in your hand and the energy can be felt by your friend on the other end of the rope. Even though no matter is transferred, the rope still carries energy through the wave that you created as rope. Even though no matter is transferred, the rope still carries energy through the wave that yiu created. Wave motion is related to oscillation, when the energy moves through the wave the particles of the medium executes simple harmonic motion about their equilibrium position. For example, take a rope and color a part of it. Attach one end of the rope to the wall and wiggle the other end regularly and continuously.

The number of waves will be produced forming a wave train. Observe the color
marking, it will execute oscillations about certain mean position. 
When a stone is dropped in a pond water, ripples (waves) are seen on the surface of
water. The particles of water that absorb energy and start oscillating from the
impact of the stone. These particles transfer some of its energy to the neighboring
particles which also start vibrating. In this way gradually other particles on the
water surface also start oscillating and energy is spread out throughout the water
pond.

Types of waves: 

The waves are mainly of two kinds: 

(1)::mechanical waves,

                And 

(2):: electromagnetic waves.

i. Mechanical waves: 

The waves produced by oscillation of material particles are called mechanical waves. Mechanical waves are very familiar; common examples include water waves, Figitte la Flatromagnetic waves sound waves, seismic waves, etc. These waves can exist only within a material medium.

ii. Electromagnetic waves:

 The Magnetic field waves that propagate by oscillation of electric and magnetic fields are
Direction of called electromagnetic waves, they travel do not require material medium for Electric field their propagation. The wave is a combination of travelling electric and magnetic fields.
The fields vary in value and are directed at right angles to each other and to th
direction of travel of the wave, as shown by the representation. The  common examples of electromagnetic waves are visible and ultraviolet light radio waves, microwaves, x-rays etc.. Waves can also be classified as transverse and longitudinal in terms of the
directions of disturbance or displacement in the medium and that of the
propagation of wave.

(1):Transverse waves: 

A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance occurs perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. Radio waves, light waves, and microwaves are transverse waves. Transverse waves also travel on the strings of instruments such as guitars and banjos. transverse wave can be generated using a Slinky(a long loosely coiled spring). If one end of the Slinky is jerked up and down, an upward pulse. 
If the end is continually moved up and down in simple harmonic motion, an entire
wave is produced.

(2):Longitudinal wave:

 A longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance occursWhen one end of slinky is pushed forward and backward along its length parallel to the line of travel of the wave. A sound wave is a longitudinal wave.
A longitudinal wave can also be generated with a slinky,. (i.e., longitudinally) two regions are formed.the region where the parts of slinky are compromisssed together called compression is seen moving towards the right. The region where the parts of slinky are stretched apart called rarefaction is also moving towards the right. 

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