Structural Model of Antibodies
  Structural Model of Antibodies    Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides, two  heavy chains and two light chains  joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the "Y" varies greatly among different antibodies.  This variable region, composed of 110-130  amino acids, give the antibody its specificity for binding antigen. The variable  region includes the ends of the light  and heavy chains. The constant region  determines the mechanism used to  destroy antigen. Antibodies are divided into five major classes, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE, based on their constant region structure and immune function.  Role of Memory Cells in Immunity  Neither the killer T-cells nor the B-cells just die off after they kill the pathogen. When their job is done, they leave behind memory cells. These memory cells are cells that stay behind and watch for the pathogen. If they find one...
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